I have been
thinking deeply recently about the concept of values and a value system,
especially in relation to Kenya as a country and a society. Why do we seem to
have such rotten institutions, such corruption, poor leadership, bad news
stories and poverty of morals and thought in all aspects of society? What
thought process and beliefs guide our choices in deciding to overlap, collect
as much allowances as we can from the office on a trip, bribe police officers,
to steal in exams, cheat on our loved ones, do all manner of wrong things and
live comfortably within such an existence? Are our values as a society that
off?
What is a value system anyway?
The free
online dictionary defines a value system as “the principles of right and wrong
that are accepted by an individual or a social group.” Dr. Clare W. Graves goes
further to define it as a “hierarchically ordered, always open set of morals,
ethics, standards, preferences, belief systems and world views that come
together through self-organizing principles to define an individual, group or a
culture.”
And make no mistake;
values are important to our decisions as human beings on a day to day basis. According
to peter Dayan, “there is perhaps no more
critical factor for the survival of an organism than the manner in which it
chooses different courses of action or inaction.” Not overlapping may be
the difference between arriving at work thirty minutes late and pissing off
clients and the boss. Is it your fault that the government will not build
better roads? Not using mwakenya could mean the difference between qualifying
for university or college, going through bridging or a degree you hate, or even
between a second class upper or lower division. That sort of thing.
So what is Kenya’s
value system?
That is a
question I can only attempt to answer very generally and cautiously. In a
nation of 43 ethnic groups, which underwent massive upheaval of colonization
and decolonization all throughout the 20th century, situated in a
century where globalization, information communication and technology and revolutions
in transport have made a mockery of nation-states, it is stretched to talk of an
identity, let alone a single value system as a nation. However, having being
schooled by the same education system, learnt about the political and social
system from the same agents and suffered the same history, there are shared
values amongst us as Kenyans.
Kenya is a broken society that has crumbled under the pressures of colonialism, neo-colonialism, modernity and globalization. Our institutions have been to weak to support us, it is virtually a free for all where we only come to help each other when we face calamity.
Most of us
seem to value educational advancement, material wealth and the family and tribe
above happiness, contentment, good governance and the nation. We will use all
means that are not repugnant to our own values to move forward. The government
will either be an impediment to be circumvented or a massive helping hand in
this regard.
How do we choose which values to adapt?
According to
the website Cultural Dynamics, the way we choose our values depends on where we
lie on the Maslow hierarchy of needs. These are morality, pragmatism and
ethics. This is a very important idea since it seems to suggest that our innate
personalities are more critical in shaping the sort of values we will adapt
from our society and world in general, as compared to material wealth or even
education.
Perish the
thought that the middle class should want what is ethical, as opposed to the
upper “parasitic class” or the lower income classes!
According to
Cultural Dynamics, which bases its findings on surveys carried out on British
society over a long period, there are three distinct types of value systems any
person can adopt depending on their ranking on the Maslow hierarchy: a settler,
a pragmatist
and a pioneer.
A settler
is a person chooses his values from a moral standpoint: whether he feels
something is right or wrong. Such a person values tradition, conformity and
safety. He obeys the laws because it is the right thing to do. He is also-I
think-going to frown upon too much political participation and questioning of
the laws and decisions made by politicians. I think Kenya is full of settlers.
Those who will support ICC or condemn it depending on which tribe they come
from. Vote for CORD or Jubilee depending on their tribe too. They will frown on
occupy parliament and MP salary hikes in equal measure. They strive to work
around the system. They see the good of Moi and Kibaki regimes rather than the
bad. They are the reason it is so hard to see change in Kenya; their capacity
for bullshit is unrivalled, see them as the faithful wife who opens the door
for her drunken hubby every night. Some say there is a limit to their perseverance.
The second
type of person is the pragmatist. This is the most
dangerous person in Kenya’s society. According to Cultural Dynamics, the pragmatist
wants to explore the possibilities of situations rather than conforming to the
situation. He values power, achievement and hedonism above all. He wants
recognition from al Jazeera and BBC as a political activist. He wants to be
seen as the brightest entrepremeur. The fighter against Western imperialism. The
best poet. The genius coder. Mtu wa watu. Uh-oh. The pragmatist has
figured out that what is important is to eat, and whether you do so with your
tribe or not is not the important point. Dare I say that majority of our
politicians are pragmatists? As well as many people who have looked at
things, added two and two and concluded that it is a man-eat-man society, and
they should start digging in, the only thing that can stop them is being caught
as well as their own personal feelings of guilt and shame.
According to
the website Cultural Dynamics, there is another third, higher form of
individual who shares much with the settler and the pragmatist,
and yet is above them both. This is the pioneer. The pioneer
is the person who sees beyond morals that are intrinsic and contradictory in nature,
the need to achieve power and money at all costs, and sees himself as a small
part of the cosmos whose decisions affect all of humanity in ways seen and
unseen. Think of the greatest Kenyan we ever had: Wangari Maathai, that sort of
person who can connect between environmental degradation, illegal logging and
deforestation on one side; poverty, hunger and human suffering on the other.
They then make a conscious decision to stand up against dictatorship,
illiteracy and bad governance to solve these problems, of poverty, corruption,
environmental degradation, torture, murder, hatred and dictatorship.
Conclusion
It is clear
that the middle class is supposed to be the driving force of an economy, its
values and its development. However, change begins with all of us. Kenya is at
a juncture of adopting Western political, social and economic systems in
addition to the African systems it has clung onto. It is also in a time in
history where forces much stronger than it are buffeting it from all
directions. It is hard to make a decision on which values to adapt, which ones
to reject.
No one can
be just a settler, a pragmatist or a pioneer;
we all have these characters in us, at least I do. However, we must strive to
be pioneers.
To look past the obvious, see how we are all connected as humanity, as the
universe. Only then will we make the proper decisions to drive us forward as a
country, an individual and a human race.
Bibliography
The free
online dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/
as accessed on 25th October, 2013.
Wikipedia,
value system http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Value_system#cite_note-1
as accessed on 25th October, 2013
The Role of Value Systems in Decision Making: Peter
Dayan Gatsby, Computational Neuroscience Unit, UCL, London WC1N 3AR, U.K.
Cultural
Dynamics: its all about the people http://www.cultdyn.co.uk/ART067736u/ValuesBasedPolitics.html
as accessed on 25th October, 2013
